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~~NOTOC~~
====== Ur-Namma ======
[[ur-namma|Go here for a biography of Ur-Namma]]
===== Nammu or Namma? =====
==== Year names of Ur-Namma ====
**1. mu ur-dnamma lugal**
: Year: "Ur-Namma (is) King"
* unattested
**b. mu ur-dnamma lugal-e sig-ta igi-nim-še3 giri3 si bi2-sa2-a**
: Year: "Ur-Namma, the king, straightened out the road from the south to the north"
* Identified as year h in //RIME// 3/2 (Frayne 1997, 14).
* RTC 261 (Girsu) rev. 2.14: mu# ur-{d}namma lugal-e# sig-ta igi-nim-sze3 giri3# si bi2-sa2-a
* RTC 262 (Girsu) rev. 2: mu ur-{d}namma lugal-e sig-ta igi-nim-sze3 giri3 si bi-sa2-a
* RTC 263 (Girsu) rev. 4: mu ur-{d}namma lugal-e sig-ta igi-nim-sze3 giri3 si bi2-sa2-a
* MVN 7, 380 (Girsu) rev. 9: mu ur-{d}namma lugal-e [sig-ta igi-nim]-sze3 giri3 si bi2-[sa2-a]
* BM 28770 (Girsu): mu lugal-e gìr si bi-sá-a
* BM 28688 (Girsu): mu lugal-e gìr [si] bí-sá-[]
[[https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&requestFrom=Search&Period=Ur+III&DatesReferenced=ur-namma.b|click here for CDLI entries dated to Ur-Namma b]]
**c. mu ur-{d}namma nig2-si-sa2 kalam-ma mu-ni-gar**
: Year: "Ur-Namma declared an amnesty (misharum) in the land"
* Identified as year h/ii in //RIME// 3/2 (Frayne 1997, 16)
* unattested
**d. mu en-dinanna unuki-a dumu ur-dnamma lugal-a maš-e ba-pa3-da**
Year: "The //en//-priest of Inanna, a child of Ur-Namma, the king, was chosen by extispicy"
* Identified as year i in //RIME// 3/2 (Frayne 1997, 16)
* RTC 264 (Girsu) rev. 2.6: mu en {d}inanna unu{ki}-a dumu ur-{d}namma lugal-a masz-e ba-pa3-da-sze3#
**e. mu bad3 uri2ki ba-du3-a**
: Year: "The wall of Ur was built"
* Identified as year p in //RIME// 3/2 (Frayne 1997, 19)
* RTC 269 (Girsu) rev. 4: mu bad3 uri5{ki} ba-du3-a
* MVN 6, 518 (Girsu) rev. 11: mu bad3 uri5#[{ki}] ba-du3
[[https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&requestFrom=Search&Period=Ur+III&DatesReferenced=ur-namma.e|click here for CDLI entries dated to Ur-Namma e]]
**f. mu lugal-e nibruki-ta nam-lugal šu ba-ti-a**
: Year: "The king received kingship from Nippur"
* Also identified as year f in //RIME// 3/2 (Frayne 1997, 12)
* unattested
**g. mu e2 dnanna ba-du3-a**
Year: "The temple of Nanna was built"
* Also identified as year g in //RIME// 3/2 (Frayne 1997, 14)
* unattested
**h. mu en dnanna maš-e ba-pa3-da**
: Year: "The //en//-priestess of Nanna was chosen by extispicy"
* Identified as year b in //RIME// 3/2 (Frayne 1997, 10)
* unattested.
* Note the similarity between this year name and the abbreviation frequently used for Š 43: mu en {d}nanna masz-e i3-pa3
**i. mu i7-a-dnin-tu ba-al**
: Year: "The 'A-Nintu' canal was dug"
* Identified as year q in //RIME// 3/2 (Frayne 1997, 19)
* RTC 232 (Girsu) rev. 2.1: [mu i7 a {d}]nin#-tu# [ba-ba-al]-la#?
* RTC 270 (Girsu) rev. 6: mu i7 a-{d}nin-tu ba-al
* MVN 7, 459 (Girsu) rev. 8 : mu i7 a-{d}nin-tu ba-al
* ITT 5, 6708 (Girsu) rev. 5 : mu i7 a-{d}nin-tu
* BPOA 1, 117 (Girsu) rev. 1: mu i7 {d}nin-tu ba-ba-al
[[https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&requestFrom=Search&Period=Ur+III&DatesReferenced=ur-namma.i|click here for CDLI entries dated to Ur-Namma i]]
**j. mu nin-dingir diškur maš-e pa3-da**
Year: "The //nin-dingir//-priestess of Ishkur was chosen by extispicy
* Identified as year n in //RIME// 3/2 (Frayne 1997, 18)
* RTC 257 (Girsu) rev. 2: mu nin-dingir {d}iszkur masz-e ba-pa3-da
* MVN 7, 170 (Girsu) rev. 1 : mu nin-dingir {d}iszkur masz-e pa3-da
* BM 26269 (Girsu): mu nin-dingir {d}[iszkur] masz-e pad3-da
* AOAT 25, p. 81, 10 (Girsu) rev. 4: mu nin-dingir {d}#[iszkur] masz2-e ba-pa3-da
Sigrist & Damerow attribute very similar year names to Ur-Ningirsu year (ca) and to Ur-Namma year (j) and these tablets could belong to either.
Muazzez Çig (AOAT 25, p. 78) suggests the possibility of reading AOAT 25, p. 78 10, rev.3-4 as ur-a[b-ba] ensi2. If this is correct then the year name on this tablet is more likely to correspond to Ur-Namma rather than Ur-Ningirsu.
**k. mu gu-ti-umki ba-hul**
: Year: "The land of Guti was destroyed"
* Identified as year d in //RIME// 3/2 (Frayne 1997, 11)
* unattested
**l. mu e2 dnin-sun2 uri2ki-a ba-du3-a**
: Year: "The temple of Ninsun was built in Ur"
* Identified as year k in //RIME// 3/2 (Frayne 1997, 17)
* RTC 265 (Girsu) rev. 3.7: [mu e2] {d}nin#-sun2 [uri5{ki}]-ma# ba-du3-a
**m. mu e2 den-lil2-la2 ba-du3-a**
: Year: "The temple of Enlil was built"
* Identified as year l in //RIME// 3/2 (Frayne 1997, 17)
* unattested
But note,
* [[https://cdli.ucla.edu/P141920|UNT 101]] (Girsu) rev. 5: mu us2-sa e2 {d}en-lil2-la2 si sa2-a
* [[https://cdli.ucla.edu/P200631|NFT p. 185, AO 4305]] (Girsu) rev. 6: mu us2-sa e2 {d}en-lil2-la2 si-sa2
This year-name is not listed by Sigrist & Damerow. See NFT p. 183 and UNT p. 274 for brief discussion.
**n. mu i7-en-erin2-nun ba-ba-al-la**
: Year: "The Iturungal canal was dug"
* Identified as year m in //RIME// 3/2 (Frayne 1997, 17-18) with a discussion on the name of the canal.
* NFT p. 185, AO 4308 (Girsu) rev. 3: mu# i7 en-sig-nun [ba-ba]-al
**o. mu gešgigir dnin-lil2 ba-dim2-ma**
: Year: "The chariot of Ninlil was made"
* Identified as year j in //RIME// 3/2 (Frayne 1997, 17)
* RTC 266 (Girsu) rev. 10: mu {gesz}gigir {d}nin-lil2 ba-dim2-ma
* MVN 6, 515 (Girsu) rev. 7: mu {gesz}gigir# [{d}nin-lil2 ...] ba-[dim2-ma]
* MVN 6, 517 (Girsu) rev. 13: mu {gesz}gigir {d}nin-lil2 ba-dim2-ma
* MVN 6, 521 (Girsu) rev. 11: mu {gesz}gigir {d}nin-lil2 ba-dim2-ma
* ITT 4, 7986 (Girsu)
[[https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&requestFrom=Search&Period=Ur+III&DatesReferenced=ur-namma.o|click here for CDLI entries dated to Ur-Namma o]]
**p. mu dlugal-ba-gara2 e2-a-na ku4-ra**
: Year: "The god Lugal-bagara was brought into his temple"
* Identified as year Šulgi 12b in //RIME// 3/2 (Frayne 1997, 99); see Carroué ZA 90 (2000) pp. 161-193
* MVN 15, 125 (Girsu) rev. 3: mu lugal ba!-gara2 e2-a ba!-ku4
* ASJ 2, 7 10 (Girsu) rev. 3: mu {d}lugal-ba-gara2
* BM Messenger 206 (Girsu) rev. 5: mu lugal-ba-gara2
* USC 6597 (unclear) rev. 2: mu {d}lugal-ba-gara2# [e2-a ba-an-ku4?]
* ANM 3707 (Girsu) rev. 1: mu {d}lugal-ba-gara2 e2-a ba-an-kux(KWU147)
* LB 261: mu {d}lugal-ba-gara2 = ?
* ZA 90, 167, AO 7872 (Girsu) rev. 5: mu {d}lugal-ba-gara2
* ZA 90, 169, AO 29700 (Girsu) rev. 1-2: mu {d}nin-gir2-su e2-ba-gara2 ku4-ra
* Studi Mayer 62 (rev. 2): mu {d}lugal-ba-gara2 e2-a ba-ku4?
[[https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&requestFrom=Search&Period=Ur+III&DatesReferenced=ur-namma.p|click here for CDLI entries dated to Ur-Namma p]]
**q. mu dlugal-ba-gara2 e2-a ku4-ra us2-sa** : Year after: "The god Lugal-bagara was brought into the temple"
* Identified as year Šulgi 13b in //RIME// 3/2 (Frayne 1997, 100); see Carroué ZA 90 (2000) pp. 161-193
* UET 3, 291 (Ur) rev. 5: mu {d}lugal-ba-gara2 e2-a ku4-ra us2-sa
* Nisaba 5, U 16525 (Ur): mu lugal-ba-gara2 e2-a ku4-ra us2-sa
[[https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&requestFrom=Search&Period=Ur+III&DatesReferenced=ur-namma.q|click here for CDLI entries dated to Ur-Namma q]]
==Note==
Only the first year name can be securely assigned to a particular year in Ur-Namma's reign, namely his first year. The use of letters rather than numbers for the rest of the year names indicates that they correct sequence is unknown.
[[https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&requestFrom=Search&Period=Ur+III&DatesReferenced=ur-namma|Go here for the texts of Ur-namma on CDLI]]
==Bibliography==
* Frayne, Douglas. 1997. //Ur III Period (2112-2004 BC). The Royal Inscriptions of Mespotamia, Early Periods//. Vol. 3/2. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
* Frayne, Douglas. 1981. //The Historical Correlations of the Sumerian Royal Hymns (2400-1900 B.C.)//. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University. (See, in particular, pp. 72-138)
* Kraus, F.R. 1951. Zur Chronologie der Könige Ur-Nammu und Šulgi von Ur. //OrNS// 20, 385-398.
* Sollberger, E. 1954-1956. Sur la chronologie des rois d'Ur et quelques problèmes connexes. //AfO// 17, 10-14.
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