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==== Sammu-rāmat ==== | ==== Sammu-rāmat ==== | ||
- | After Mulissu-mukannišat-Ninua’s death, the next queen was the legendary Sammu-rāmat. During her son’s reign, Sammu-rāmat is referred to either with the title Mĺ.É.GAL(queen) or with the longer title AMA LUGAL (mother of the king) (Svärd 2012: 91). Her full title is “Sammu-rāmat, | + | After Mulissu-mukannišat-Ninua’s death, the next queen was the legendary Sammu-rāmat. During her son’s reign, Sammu-rāmat is referred to either with the title MI< |
Sammu-rāmat is known from her stele that was uncovered in Assyria (K.Köroğlu, | Sammu-rāmat is known from her stele that was uncovered in Assyria (K.Köroğlu, | ||
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This inscription describes how Adad-nerari and Sammu-rāmat crossed the Euphrates. After this, the perspective changes from the first person plural to first person singular, to describe the battle. Sammu-rāmat disappears as a subject and the king alone fights the enemy. However, immediately after the battle is won, the plural forms return: “they” erected the boundary stone between the king of Kummuhites and the king of Gurgumites. Variation in Assyrian royal inscriptions is ideologically and historically significant and the wording of the stele should be taken as a serious indicator of her position (Svärd 2012: 103). | This inscription describes how Adad-nerari and Sammu-rāmat crossed the Euphrates. After this, the perspective changes from the first person plural to first person singular, to describe the battle. Sammu-rāmat disappears as a subject and the king alone fights the enemy. However, immediately after the battle is won, the plural forms return: “they” erected the boundary stone between the king of Kummuhites and the king of Gurgumites. Variation in Assyrian royal inscriptions is ideologically and historically significant and the wording of the stele should be taken as a serious indicator of her position (Svärd 2012: 103). | ||
- | It seems possible that she acted as pater familias after the death of her husband Shamsi-Adad while Adad-nerari III came of age (Teppo 2005: 35). Much has been written about her and her story became | + | It seems possible that she acted as //pater familias// after the death of her husband Shamsi-Adad while Adad-nerari III came of age (Teppo 2005: 35). Much has been written about her and her story became |
Bel-tarṣi-ilumma, | Bel-tarṣi-ilumma, | ||
Sammu-rāmat was an authoritative figure who played an important role in the running of the empire. But she was not included in the later royal inscriptions and chronicles. Sammu-rāmat’s disappearance from later accounts “…was not because of insignificance of her position, and there is no evidence for a conflict between her and Adad-nerari III” but probably because “… Assyrian royal ideology could not accommodate the presence of an authoritative female figure”. As Siddall states, the reason is ideological. This seems a plausible explanation (Svärd 2012: 104-105). | Sammu-rāmat was an authoritative figure who played an important role in the running of the empire. But she was not included in the later royal inscriptions and chronicles. Sammu-rāmat’s disappearance from later accounts “…was not because of insignificance of her position, and there is no evidence for a conflict between her and Adad-nerari III” but probably because “… Assyrian royal ideology could not accommodate the presence of an authoritative female figure”. As Siddall states, the reason is ideological. This seems a plausible explanation (Svärd 2012: 104-105). |