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urukagina [2010/01/16 06:18] ongurukagina [2015/01/28 21:45] (current) gombert
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 +Return to [[early_dynastic_rulers_of_babylonia]]
 +\\
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 ==== Urukagina ==== ==== Urukagina ====
  
-The spelling of this ruler's name is disputed. Alternative readings are Uruinimgina and Irikagina. See Edzard, 1991 and Lambert 1992 for arguments of each of these.+The spelling of this ruler's name is disputed. Alternative readings are Uruinimgina and Irikagina. See Edzard, 1991 and Lambert1992 for arguments of each of these.
  
 It is possible Urukagina usurped the throne from Urtarsirsira, a distinguished son of Lugalanda. However Urtarsirsira continued to live in the first year of Urukagina's reign, an argument against a (violent) usurpation. See Bauer pg. 477 for a discussion of the issue. It is possible Urukagina usurped the throne from Urtarsirsira, a distinguished son of Lugalanda. However Urtarsirsira continued to live in the first year of Urukagina's reign, an argument against a (violent) usurpation. See Bauer pg. 477 for a discussion of the issue.
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 Despite the difficult circumstances of his reign, Urukagina did effect a number of legislative reforms aimed at social justice and shoring up the temple institution against the growing power of the ensis. In a well-known document (see [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P222607| Ukg. 04 A]], [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P222608| Ukg. 04 B]], and [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P222609| Ukg. 04 C]]) Urukagina describes a number of practices of his society from long ago that he sets out to reform. Many of these relate to the privileges of the ensi over the temple establishment or of work supervisors over their domain of authority (e.g. Ukg. 04 B III 6 - IV 25). Others deal with required burial provisions for the dead or payments for temple officials (e.g. Ukg. 04 B V 25 - VI 18). Urukagina altered these provisions, reducing the power of the overseers, lowering provisions to officials, and extended protection to small-scale equid and property owners (see e.g. Ukg. 04 B X 20 - 32). He also states that he transferred control over the ensi's house and field (along with those of his wife and children) to the gods of Lagash, Ningirsu, Baba, and Shulshaga, as well as that he restored conditions of the state (ama-gi4), declaring the cancellation of debt and other penalties. He concludes by saying that he would not give over the orphan and the widow to the strong (Ukg. 04 B XI 30-31).  Despite the difficult circumstances of his reign, Urukagina did effect a number of legislative reforms aimed at social justice and shoring up the temple institution against the growing power of the ensis. In a well-known document (see [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P222607| Ukg. 04 A]], [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P222608| Ukg. 04 B]], and [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P222609| Ukg. 04 C]]) Urukagina describes a number of practices of his society from long ago that he sets out to reform. Many of these relate to the privileges of the ensi over the temple establishment or of work supervisors over their domain of authority (e.g. Ukg. 04 B III 6 - IV 25). Others deal with required burial provisions for the dead or payments for temple officials (e.g. Ukg. 04 B V 25 - VI 18). Urukagina altered these provisions, reducing the power of the overseers, lowering provisions to officials, and extended protection to small-scale equid and property owners (see e.g. Ukg. 04 B X 20 - 32). He also states that he transferred control over the ensi's house and field (along with those of his wife and children) to the gods of Lagash, Ningirsu, Baba, and Shulshaga, as well as that he restored conditions of the state (ama-gi4), declaring the cancellation of debt and other penalties. He concludes by saying that he would not give over the orphan and the widow to the strong (Ukg. 04 B XI 30-31). 
 +
 +==== References ====
 +
 +* Bauer, Josef. 1998. Der Vorsargonische Abschnitt der Mesopotamischen Geschichte. In Bauer, Englund, and Krebernik, //Mesopotamien: Späturuk-Zeit und Frühdynastische Zeit//, pp. 431-585. Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 160/1. P. Attinger and M. Wäfler, eds. Göttingen: Vendenhoeck & Ruprecht.
 +
 +* Edzard, D.O. 1991. //Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Miguel Civil on the Occasion of his Sixty-Fifth Birthday//, Michalowshi, P. et al eds. AulaOr 9, Barcelona 1991. pp. 77-79
 +
 +* Lambert, W.G. 1992. //Aula Orientalis// 10, 1992 pp. 256-258.
 +
 +\\
 +Return to [[early_dynastic_rulers_of_babylonia]]
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