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[[Case]]
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sumerian:case [2008/04/15 17:02] – calesumerian:case [2008/08/14 12:30] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 (1) Mary gave the comic book to Sue. (1) Mary gave the comic book to Sue.
  
-In (1), a traditional description of the case-marking involved would label "Mary" as the //[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_%28grammar%29 subject]]// of the sentence, "the comic book" as the //[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_object direct object]]//, and "Sue" as the //indirect object//. Other languages, including all of the languages that were written in cuneiform, do not primarily use word order to indicate who is doing what to whom.+In (1), a traditional description of the case-marking involved would label "Mary" as the //subject// (see this [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_%28grammar%29|wikipedia article on grammatical subject]]) of the sentence, "the comic book" as the //direct object // (see this [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_object|wikipedia article on direct object]]), and "Sue" as the //indirect object//. Other languages, including all of the languages that were written in cuneiform, do not primarily use word order to indicate who is doing what to whom.
  
  
-|(2) || inanna-ra || lugal-e || e2-Ø || mu.un.du3 +|(2) | inanna-ra | lugal-e | e2-Ø | mu.un.du3 
-|- +| | PN-Dat | king-Erg | house-Abs | built
-| || PN-Dat || king-Erg || house-Abs || built+
  
 'The king built the temple for Inanna' 'The king built the temple for Inanna'
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 There are three nominal cases that should probably be categorized as //core// or //grammatical// in nature: the zero-marked absolutive/nominative case, the ergative case-marking postposition /*-e/, which is formally identical with the locative-terminative case-marking postposition, and the genitive case-marking postposition /*-a/. There are three nominal cases that should probably be categorized as //core// or //grammatical// in nature: the zero-marked absolutive/nominative case, the ergative case-marking postposition /*-e/, which is formally identical with the locative-terminative case-marking postposition, and the genitive case-marking postposition /*-a/.
  
-|[[Absolutive/Nominative]]   || /-Ø/ +|[[Absolutive/Nominative]] | -Ø 
-|- +|[[Ergative]] | -e 
-|[[Ergative]] || /-e/ +|[[Genitive]] | -a(k)
-|- +
-|[[Genitive]] || /-a(k)/+
  
  
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 There are at least seven and possibly eight adverbial cases that can be distinguished on purely formal grounds, and these can be divided into two groups on the basis the vowel that occurs in the full form of each postposition. One subseries has /e/ (and, perhaps /i/ in /-gin/) as its characteristic vowel. There are at least seven and possibly eight adverbial cases that can be distinguished on purely formal grounds, and these can be divided into two groups on the basis the vowel that occurs in the full form of each postposition. One subseries has /e/ (and, perhaps /i/ in /-gin/) as its characteristic vowel.
  
-|[[Locative-terminative]]   || /-e/ +|[[Locative-terminative]] | /-e/ 
-|- +|[[Allative]] | /-(e)sze/ 
-|[[Allative]] || /-(e)še/ +|[[Adverbiative]] | /-esz/ 
-|- +|[[Equative]] | /-gin/
-|[[Adverbiative]] || /-eš/ +
-|- +
-|[[Equative]] || /-gin/+
  
 Traditional grammars of Sumerian do not, as a rule, attempt to distinguish classes of postpositional elements; each postposition is treated as a separate entity and only associated with one or more [[verbal agreement]] or [[dimensional infix]] morphemes. The [[locative-terminative]] postposition is formally identical to both the [[ergative]] postposition and also, in recent work, an [[inanimate dative]] (Zólyomi 1999, 216 and 251-253). The differentiation of these three functions is largely dependent on particular theories of grammar, although nearly all theories differentiate the [[ergative]] and the [[locative-terminative]]. The [[allative]], known in the older literature as the //terminative// case, is usually associated with the [[*-ši- verbal infix]]. The adverbiative, which was proposed by Attinger (1993, 253), may or may not be identical in form with the [[allative]]. Traditional grammars of Sumerian do not, as a rule, attempt to distinguish classes of postpositional elements; each postposition is treated as a separate entity and only associated with one or more [[verbal agreement]] or [[dimensional infix]] morphemes. The [[locative-terminative]] postposition is formally identical to both the [[ergative]] postposition and also, in recent work, an [[inanimate dative]] (Zólyomi 1999, 216 and 251-253). The differentiation of these three functions is largely dependent on particular theories of grammar, although nearly all theories differentiate the [[ergative]] and the [[locative-terminative]]. The [[allative]], known in the older literature as the //terminative// case, is usually associated with the [[*-ši- verbal infix]]. The adverbiative, which was proposed by Attinger (1993, 253), may or may not be identical in form with the [[allative]].
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 == Bibliography == == Bibliography ==
-  *Attinger, Pascal. 1993. Eléments de linguistique sumérienne: La construction de du11/e/di "dire". Göttinger: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. [Synthetic treatments of both nominal postpositions and the verbal morphemes that are generally thought to agree with them are presented in detail with useful descriptions of orthographic variations and full bibliographies, pp. 211-260.] +  *Attinger, Pascal. 1993. //Eléments de linguistique sumérienne: La construction de du11/e/di "dire"//. Göttinger: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. [Synthetic treatments of both nominal postpositions and the verbal morphemes that are generally thought to agree with them are presented in detail with useful descriptions of orthographic variations and full bibliographies, pp. 211-260.] 
-  *Balke, Thomas. 1999. Kasus in Sumerischen. <i>Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung</i> 52: 118-129. +  *Balke, Thomas. 1999. Kasus in Sumerischen. //Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung// 52: 118-129. 
-  *Thomsen, Marie-Louise. 2001. The Sumerian Language: An Introduction to its History and Grammatical Structure. 3d ed. with Supplementary Bibliography (pp. 364-376). Mesopotamia: Copenhagen Studies in Assyriology 10. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag. [The standard English-language reference grammar of Sumerian, first published in 1984 and minimally revised in the intervening years; nominal cases are dealt with in pp. 88-109, §§156-220.] +  *Thomsen, Marie-Louise. 2001. //The Sumerian Language: An Introduction to its History and Grammatical Structure//. 3d ed. with Supplementary Bibliography (pp. 364-376). Mesopotamia: Copenhagen Studies in Assyriology 10. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag. [The standard English-language reference grammar of Sumerian, first published in 1984 and minimally revised in the intervening years; nominal cases are dealt with in pp. 88-109, §§156-220.] 
-  *Wilcke, Claus. 1990. Orthographie, Grammatik und literarische Form: Beobacktungen zu der Vaseninschrift Lugalzaggesis (SAKI 152-156). In Tzvi Abusch, John Huehnergard and Piotr Steinkeller, eds., Lingering Over Words: Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Literature in Honor of William L. Moran. Harvard Semitic Studies 37. [pp. 455-504, in particular pp. 459-464 and 471-476.] +  *Wilcke, Claus. 1990. Orthographie, Grammatik und literarische Form: Beobacktungen zu der Vaseninschrift Lugalzaggesis (SAKI 152-156). In Tzvi Abusch, John Huehnergard and Piotr Steinkeller, eds., //Lingering Over Words: Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Literature in Honor of William L. Moran//. Harvard Semitic Studies 37. [pp. 455-504, in particular pp. 459-464 and 471-476.]
- +
sumerian/case.1208278955.txt.gz · Last modified: 2008/08/14 12:26 (external edit)
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