===== Objects on display ===== ===== Gallery 19, Ancient Near East (Floor G) ===== For a floor plan of the museum see [[http://www.ashmolean.org/assets/images/Plan/FloorPlan.pdf|here]]. The showcase designations refer to the numbers given in the detail plan of the Ancient Near Eastern gallery below. {{ :ash_floorplan_aned.jpg?500 |}} Beneath each showcase the text objects are labeled according to the numbers assigned in the showcases. === Showcase 1 === **[[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P384786|The Sumerian King List (SKL)]], Ashm 1923-444** //Description//: //Publication//: OECT 02, plts. 1-4 //Period//: Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC) //[[P384786|Translation]]// === Showcase 2 === //Overview//: {{ :ash_ane_showcase2.jpg?500 |}} **(13) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P385708|Legal document regarding division of property]], Ashm 1930-407b** //Description//: //Publication//: OECT 13, 179 //Period//: Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) //Translation//: **(14) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P347662|Inscribed clay bulla]], Ashm 1932-553** //Description//: //Publication//: OECT 15, 320 //Period//: Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) //Translation//: **(14) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P347678|Fragment of an inscribed clay bulla]], Ashm 1932-569** //Description//: //Publication//: OECT 15, 336 //Period//: Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) //Translation//: **(15) [[Neo-Assyrian legal text]], Ashm 1954-737** //Description//: //Publication//: //Period//: Neo-Assyrian (ca. 911-612 BC) //Translation//: **(16) [[Cast of tablet]], Ashm 1924-0056** //Period//: Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) **(17) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P005251|Account of sexagesimally counted objects]], Ashm 1926-602** //Description//: //Publication//: MSVO 1, 184 //Period//: Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC) //Provenience//: Jemdet Nasr //Translation//: **(18) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P005080|Account of small amounts of grain]], Ashm 1926-597** //Description//: //Publication//: MSVO 1, 013 //Period//: Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC) //Provenience//: Jemdet Nasr //Translation//: **(19) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P412450|]], Ashm 2002-5** //Description//: //Period//: **(20) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P222314|]], Ashm 1924-0455** //Description//: //Publication//: AAICAB 1/1, pl. 001, 1924-455 + photo, pl. 1 //Period//: ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC) //Translation//: **(21) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P222322|]], Ashm 1928-016** //Description//: //Publication//: AAICAB 1/1, pl. 004, 1928-016 + photo, pl. 2 //Period//: ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC) //Translation//: **(22) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P220631.atf|Ancient Kudurru from Kish]], Ashm 1928-423** //Description//: //Publication//: OIP 104, 017 //Period//: ED I-II (ca. 2900-2700 BC) //Provenience//: Kish //Translation//: **(23) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P215428|Old Akkadian record of fourteen orchards]], Ashm 1924-0661** //Description//: The record contains information regarding fourteen orchards, their date-palms and the respective gardeners. //Publication//: MAD 5, 106 //Period//: Old Akkadian (ca. 2340-2200 BC) //Translation//: \\ 95 date-palms, garden of Ur-barag;\\ 23 date-palms, garden of Lugal-itida;\\ 60+[...] date-palms, garden of Enlil, Lisi (is) the(ir) gardener;\\ 38 date-palms, garden of Ur-pisag;\\ 151 date-palms, garden of Idsha;\\ 44 date-palms, garden of Elili, Urpisag (is) the(ir) gardener;\\ 55 date-palms, Nammahni (is) the(ir) gardener;\\ 26 date-palms, garden of Libit-mati;\\ 105 date-palms, Lumma (is) the(ir) gardener;\\ 62 date-palms, garden of Lugal-lu;\\ 50 date-palms, the grand garden;\\ 76 date-palms, the pure garden, Enur (is) the(ir) gardener;\\ 74 date-palms, the 'long' garden;\\ 32 date-palms, garden of Dudu;\\ 40 trees (apparently unfinished) **[[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P345783|]], Ashm 1924-0475** //Description//: //Publication//: OECT 05, 02 //Period//: Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) //Translation//: **(26) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P368426|A praise poem of Enlil-bani]], Ashm 1922-160** //Description//: //Publication//: OECT 01, pl. 10-12 //Period//: Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) //[[P368426_tr|Translation]]// \\ **(27) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P249215|Sîn-kashid royal inscription]], Ashm 1960-1170** //Description//: This is one of many specimen for a short building inscription on brick-like tablets that commemorates the building of the palace of Sîn-kashid, king of Uruk. //Publication//: RIME 4.04.01.02, ex. 054 //Period//: Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC) //Provenience//: Uruk //Translation//:\\ Sîn-kashid,\\ the strong man,\\ king of Uruk,\\ king of Amnanum,\\ built his royal palace.\\ [[http://www.cdli.ucla.edu/cdlisearch/search/index.php?SearchMode=Text&ResultCount=1000&txtContent=&requestFrm=Search&txtPrimaryPublication=RIME+4.04.01.02|Check out examples in other collections]] **(29) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P384869|Letter of Hammurapi to Shamash-hazir and his colleagues]], Ashm 1923-033** //Description//: //Publication//: OECT 03, 25 //Period//: Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) //Translation//: \\ Speak to Shamash-h[azir], Sîn-mu[shallim] and the[ir] comrades, thus Hammurapi:\\ Now I have sent there Zikir-ilishu and Erishum together with the cavalry under their leadership.\\ Furthermore, I have instructed Apil-ilishu, the scribe of the team of the palace's guardianship, and sent (him) with them there.\\ According the wording of the tablet which I have sent to you, \\ demarcate the fields for the horse riders \\ and drive their stakes into the ground! **[[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P385707|Envelope with address and sealings]], Ashm 1930-407a** //Description//: //Publication//: OECT 13, 178 //Period//: Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) //Translation//: **(32) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P345783|Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta]], Ashm 1924-0475** //Description//: //Publication//: OECT 05, 02 //Period//: Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) //Translation//:\\ The manuscript preserves parts of Enmerkar's first challenge:\\ [In its (Aratta's) chambers you must also chant to him this holy song, this spell:\\ (135) It is the spell of Nudimmud!]\\ "One day there will be no snake, no scorpion,\\ There will be no hyena, nor lion,\\ There will be neither (wild) dog nor wolf,\\ And thus there will be neither fear nor trembling,\\ (140) For man will then have no enemy.\\ On that day the lands of Shubur and Hamazi,\\ As well as twin-tongued Sumer - great mound of the power of lordship -\\ Together with Akkad - the mound that has all that is befitting -\\ And even the land Martu, resting in green pastures,\\ (145) Yea, the whole world of well-ruled people,\\ Will be able to speak to Enlil in one language!\\ For on that day, for the debates between lords and princes and kings\\ Shall Enki, for the debates between lords and princes and kings,\\ //reverse//\\ For the debates between lords and princes and kings,\\ (150) Shall Enki, Lord of abundance, Lord of steadfast decisions,\\ Lord of wisdom and knowledge in the Land,\\ Expert of the gods,\\ Chosen for wisdom, Lord of Eridug,\\ Change the tongues in their mouth, as many as he once placed there,\\ (155) And the speech of mankind shall be truly one!"\\ Furthermore, the lord gave these instructions to the messenger\\ Who was to go to the highlands, to Aratta:\\ "Messenger, at night, run swiftly as the south wind,\\ at daybreak, rise like the dew!"\\ (160) The messenger heeded the words of his king.\\ At night he journeyed by starlight.\\ By day he traveled with the sun in the sky.\\ **(35) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P412443|]], Ashm 1924-0802** //Description//: //Publication//: Venus Tablets pl. 3-4 //Period//: Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC) //Translation//: \\ In month XI, 15th day, Venus in the west disappeared, 3 days in [the sky it stayed away],\\ and in month XI, 18th day, Venus in the east became visible: springs will open,\\ Adad will bring his rain, Ea his floods, a king [will send messages of reconciliation] to a(nother) king.\\ ---\\ In month VIII, 11th day, Venus in the east disappeared; 2 month (n) days in the sky it stayed away,\\ and in month X, nth day, Venus in the west became visible: the harvest of the land will prosper. ---\\ ... **(30) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P412444|Gilgamesh and Huwawa A]], Ashm 1932-155** //Description//: //Publication//: JRAS 1932, 914-921 //Period//: Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) //[[P412444|Translation]]// **(37) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P412446|Account dating to Darius's reign]], Ashm 1951-087** //Description//: Promissory note with Aramaic inscription on left edge. //Period//: Achaemenid (547-331 BC) //Translation//: **(33) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P254958|Mathematical prism]], Ashm 1923-366** **(34) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P368265|Mathematical text]], Ashm 1931-091** **(38) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P412445|Greek incised on a Clay tablet]], Ashm 1937-993** //Description//: //Period//: //Translation//: === Showcase 3 === //Overview//: {{ :ash_ane_showcase3b.jpg?400 |}} **(23) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P212433|Dagger handle with mirrored inscription]], Ashm 1937-651** //Description//: //Publication//: AAICAB 1/2, pl. 171, 1937-651 //Period//: Old Akkadian (ca. 2340-2200 BC) //Provenience//: Kish //Translation//: \\ **(24) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P212432|Mace-head with votive inscription]], Ashm 1937-650** //Description//: An Alabaster mace-head, whose upper part is broken off. //Publication//: //Period//: Old Akkadian (ca. 2340-2200 BC) //Provenience//: Kish //Translation//: \\ Islum,\\ for (the god) Enki,\\ Ili-e-Ur(?),\\ son of Kuku,\\ has devoted.\\ **(25) [[Fragment of stone plaque depicting temple facade]], Ashm 1933-1331** //Description//: //Period//: ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC) **(27) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P368427|Enki's Journey to Nippur]], Ashm 1922-161** //Description//: This four-sided prism formerly part of the Weld-Blundell collection, can be considered one of the best preserved manuscripts of the Sumerian literary composition "Enki's Journey to Nippur". //Publication//: OECT 01, pl. 01-04, Ashm 1922-161 //Period//: Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) //[[P368427|Translation]]// \\ **(28) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P234312|Votive inscription]], Ashm 1930-052** //Description//: //Publication//: RIME 3/1.01.07.044, ex. 14 //Period//: Lagash II (ca. 2200-2100 BC) //Provenience//: Girsu //Translation//: \\ For (the god) Ningirsu, the strong hero of Enlil, his king,\\ Gudea, the city governor of Lagash,\\ has built his Eninnu, the white thunderbird.\\ In its midst he built a ... (equipped with) cedar, the place where he gives jugdment.\\ **(29) [[Neo-Babylonian barrel with royal inscription]], Ashm 1922-201** **(30) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P142749|Ur III building plan with captions]], Ashm 1911-238** //Description//: //Publication//: AAICAB 1/1, pl. 042, 1911-238 //Period//: Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC) //Provenience//: Umma //Translation//: \\ **(30) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P142750|Ur III building plan with captions]], Ashm 1911-239** //Description//: //Publication//: AAICAB 1/1, pl. 042, 1911-239 //Period//: Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC) //Provenience//: Umma //Translation//: \\ **(31) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P226923|Shulgi votive inscription]], Ashm 1922-009** //Description//: //Publication//: RIME 3/2.01.02.15, ex. 01 //Period//: Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC) //Translation//: \\ **[[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P226925|Clay peg of Ur-Namma]], Ashm 1925-663** //Description//: //Publication//: RIME 3/2.01.01.11, ex. 162 //Period//: Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC) //Translation//: \\ (1) For the god Nanna,\\ impetuous calf of the god An,\\ first-born son \\ of the god Enlil,\\ (5) his lord,\\ Ur-Nammu, \\ mighty man, \\ king of Ur,\\ his "House, Foundation Platform which Bears Terror"\\ (10) he built for him. === Showcase 4 === //Overview//:\\ {{ :ash_ane_showcase_4.jpg?400 |}} **(8) [[Old Assyrian]], Ashm 1968-065** **(8) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P361057|Old Assyrian summary tag]], Ashm 1933-1054** **(8) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P361053|Old Assyrian letter]], Ashm 1933-1048** //[[P361053|Translation]]// **(14a) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P347990|Pawn account from Alalakh]], Ashm 1953-1320** //Description//: //Publication//: AlT 023 //Period//: Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) //Provenience//: Alalakh //Translation//: \\ (Obv.) 30 sheqels of silver belonging to Ammitaqum,\\ at the cost of Bentammu, the barber,\\ according to the silver Bentammu, the barber,\\ to the palace\\ as hostage\\ (Bottom) he is assigned.\\ If he gets lost\\ (or) flees,\\ (Rev.) (then) the silver is at the cost of Zuherashi, his brother,\\ and at the cost of Aya-ahatu, his sister,\\ at their warranty. \\ (Top) Before Werikiba;\\ before Zunna.\\ **(14b) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P348211|Administrative text from Alalakh]], Ashm 1953-1324** //Description//: //Publication//: AlT 244 //Period//: Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) //Translation//: \\ **(14c) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P348377|Text from Alalakh]], Ashm 1953-1325** //Description//: //Publication//: AlT 410 //Period//: Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) //Translation//: \\ === Showcase 5 === //Overview//:\\ {{ :ash_ane_showcase_5.jpg?400 |}} **(1) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P368432|The Epic of Creation, tablet IV]], Ashm 1926-373 + 374** //Description//: This tablet contains the fourth tablet of the Akkadian Epic of Creation, whose incipit is //Enuma elîsh//. //Publication//: OECT 06, pl. 36-37, Ashm 1926-373 + //Period//: Neo-Assyrian (ca. 911-612 BC) //Provenience//: **(2) [[Neo-Babylonian boundary stone]], Ashm 1933-1101** //Description//: //Period//: Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC) **(3) [[Clay cylinder with royal inscription by Nebuchadnezzar II]], Ashm. 1939-432** //Description//: //Publication//: //Period//: Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC) //Provenience//: **(4) [[Clay tablet inscribed with a horoscope]], Bod AB 251** //Description//: //Period//: Achaemenid (547-331 BC) //Translation//: **(5) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P412442|Babyloniaca]], Ashm 1922-202** //Description//: //Publication//: Babyloniaca 7, 230ff. //Period//: Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC) //Translation//: \\ **(6) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P385118|Receipt from the reign of Nabonidus]], Ashm 1878-0003** //Description//: //Publication//: OECT 10, 105 //Period//: Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC) //Translation//: \\ === Showcase 6 === **(8) [[http://cdli/ucla.edu/P347349|]], Ashm 1922-277** //Description//: //Publication//: OECT 15, 006 //Period//: Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) //Provenience//: Larsa //Translation//: \\ **(9) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P005283|Grain account]], Ashm 1926-606** //Description//: //Publication//: MSVO 1, 216 //Period//: Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC) //Provenience//: Jemdet Nasr //Translation//: \\ **(36) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P005309|Fragment of a beer jar]], Ashm 1928-474** //Description//: //Publication//: MSVO 1, 244 //Period//: Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC) //Provenience//: Jemdet Nasr //Translation//: \\ === Position 7 === **[[Ashurnasirpal II's standard inscription]], Ashm ANLoan.109.1** //Description//: //Publication//: //Period//: Neo-Assyrian (ca. 911-612 BC) //Provenience//: Nimrud //Translation//: \\ === Position 8 === **[[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P248751|Ur III Messenger Text]], Ashm 1971-236** //Description//: //Publication//: AAICAB 1/2, pl. 122, 1971-236 //Period//: Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC) //Provenience//: Umma //Translation//: \\ ===== Gallery 6, Reading and Writing (Floor -1) ===== For a floor plan of the museum see [[http://www.ashmolean.org/assets/images/Plan/FloorPlan.pdf|here]]. The showcase designations refer to the numbers given in the detail plan of the Ancient Near Eastern gallery below. {{ :ash_floorplan_readingwritingb.jpg?500 |}} - "Counting" - "Recording" - "Communicating" - "Decipherment" - "Identity" - "Divine Inspiration" - "World of scripts" //Overview (showcases 1-3)//:\\ {{ :ash_ane_g6_showcases1-3.jpg.png?600 |}} === Showcase (1) "Counting" === **(1) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P005069|Calculating areas of fields]], Ashm 1926-583** //Description//: //Publication//: MSVO 1, 002 //Period//: Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC) //Provenience//: Jemdet Nasr //Translation//: \\ === Showcase (2) "Recording" === **(1) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P385406|Neo-Babylonian legal text]], Ashm 1924-0488** //Description//: This legal text, though well preserved, represents an ancient copy of an even older document, which has been copied in order to preserve the information contained in it. Nevertheless, the right half of that document has already been badly damaged or broken away. Therefore the scribe copied what he was able to see and put the remark "new break" (//hipi eshshu//) next to it. //Publication//: OECT 10, 393 //Period//: Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC) //Translation//: \\ **(2) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P005160|Mixed one-year account]], Ashm 1926-564** //Description//: //Publication//: MSVO 1, 093 //Period//: Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC) //Provenience//: Jemdet Nasr //Translation//: \\ === Showcase (3) "Communicating" === **(1) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P361054|Old Assyrian envelope]], Ashm 1933-1049** //Description//: //Publication//: JCS 14, 12 //Period//: Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC) //Provenience//: Kültepe //Translation//:\\ **(4) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P348984|Neo-Babylonian]], Ashm 1924-1369** //Description//: //Publication//: OECT 11, 110 //Period//: Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC) //Translation//:\\ === Showcase (4) "Decipherment" === **[[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P249223|Kassite stone inscription copying Ur III administrative text]], Ashm 1922-010** //Description//: //Publication//: AAICAB 1/1, pl. 017, 1922-10 //Period//: Middle Babylonian (ca. 1400-1100 BC) //Translation//:\\ === Showcase (5) "Identity" === **Seal with inscription** === Showcase (6) "Divine Inspiration" === **(3) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P431817|Cone with royal inscription]], Ashm 1922-159** //Description//: //Publication//: RIME 4.02.14.17, ex. 01-02 //Period//: Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC) //Provenience//: Larsa //Translation//:\\ === Showcase (7) "World of Scripts" === **(16) [[Brick with stamp by Adad-apla-iddina]], Ashm 1930-039** //Description//: //Translation//: \\ ===== Gallery 7, Money (Floor -1) ===== === Showcase "Using Money" === **(15) [[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P385810|Loan of one shekel of silver]], Bod AB 224** //Description//: //Period//: Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) //Translation//:\\