Stylesheet style.css not found, please contact the developer of "arctic" template.
[[The Computation of Time in the Old Assyrian Period]]
Trace:
Show page
AdminRecent ChangesSitemap

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revisionPrevious revision
Next revision		Previous revision
the_old_assyrian_calendar [2015/10/15 12:48] – lafontthe_old_assyrian_calendar [2015/10/20 09:32] (current) – hawkins
Line 6: Line 6:
  
  
-====== The comput of Time in the Old Assyrian Period ======+====== The Computation of Time in the Old Assyrian Period ======
  
-===== Old Assyrian Calendar =====+=== Old Assyrian Calendar ===
  
 == Months == == Months ==
Line 35: Line 35:
   * Specific date: “(When) the (Moon) God was standing (in the sky) for 5 days (//ilum// 5 //ūmim issas//)” ([[http://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P360494|AKT 1 35, 10]]).   * Specific date: “(When) the (Moon) God was standing (in the sky) for 5 days (//ilum// 5 //ūmim issas//)” ([[http://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P360494|AKT 1 35, 10]]).
  
-== The beginning of the year / New year’s Day ==+=== The beginning of the year / New year’s Day ===
  
 According to an unpublished tablet, Kt c/k 568, the beginning of the Old Assyrian year corresponded to the winter solstice (December 22, Dercksen 2011, p. 238), while the calendar of Upper Mesopotamia kingdom (Šamšī-Adad) started in August (Charpin 1985, p. 246). Previous interpretations suggested a beginning of the Old Assyrian year the day of the autumnal equinox (September 22, Veenhof 2008, p. 243, Michel 2010, p. 222). According to an unpublished tablet, Kt c/k 568, the beginning of the Old Assyrian year corresponded to the winter solstice (December 22, Dercksen 2011, p. 238), while the calendar of Upper Mesopotamia kingdom (Šamšī-Adad) started in August (Charpin 1985, p. 246). Previous interpretations suggested a beginning of the Old Assyrian year the day of the autumnal equinox (September 22, Veenhof 2008, p. 243, Michel 2010, p. 222).
Line 45: Line 45:
   * Donbaz, V., 1971: The Old Assyrian Month Name Kanwarta, //JCS// 24, p. 24-28.\\   * Donbaz, V., 1971: The Old Assyrian Month Name Kanwarta, //JCS// 24, p. 24-28.\\
   * Donbaz, V., 1984: New Evidence on the Reading of the The Old Assyrian Month Name Kanwarta with an Edition of the Memorandum Kt c/k 839, //JEOL// 28, p. 3-9.\\   * Donbaz, V., 1984: New Evidence on the Reading of the The Old Assyrian Month Name Kanwarta with an Edition of the Memorandum Kt c/k 839, //JEOL// 28, p. 3-9.\\
-  * Michel, C., 2010: The day unit within the Old Assyrian calendar, in Ş. Dönmez (ed.), //Studies Presented in Honour of Veysel Donbaz//, Istanbul, p. 217-224.\\+  * Michel, C., 2010: [[https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00642826/document|The day unit within the Old Assyrian calendar]], in Ş. Dönmez (ed.), //Studies Presented in Honour of Veysel Donbaz//, Istanbul, p. 217-224.\\
   * Veenhof, K. R., 1997: The Old Assyrian //Hamuštum// Period: A Seven-Day Week, //JEOL// 34, p. 5-26.\\   * Veenhof, K. R., 1997: The Old Assyrian //Hamuštum// Period: A Seven-Day Week, //JEOL// 34, p. 5-26.\\
   * Veenhof, K. R., 2000: Old Assyrian chronology, //Akkadica// 119-120, p. 137-150.\\   * Veenhof, K. R., 2000: Old Assyrian chronology, //Akkadica// 119-120, p. 137-150.\\
   * Veenhof, K. R., 2008: The Old Assyrian Period, in M. Wäfler (ed.), K. R. Veenhof and J. Eidem, //Mesopotamia. The Old Assyrian Period//. OBO 160/5, p. 13-264.\\   * Veenhof, K. R., 2008: The Old Assyrian Period, in M. Wäfler (ed.), K. R. Veenhof and J. Eidem, //Mesopotamia. The Old Assyrian Period//. OBO 160/5, p. 13-264.\\
  
-== Week: hamuštum = “a week of x days” ==+=== Week: hamuštum = “a week of x days” ===
  
 In loan contracts in Kaneš, dates are often expressed in //hamuštum.// These //hamuštum//, which correspond to a fix number of days, take the name of two, then one merchant (after REL 98, Kryszat 2004, p. 157-198). The value of this unit of time is still debated. This word could be derived from the Semitic root “five” HMŠ, and most authors agree on the observation of the frequent ascending sequence:  //hamuštum -- warhum -- limum// in the loan contracts dates, which proved that the //hamuštum// consists of less than 30 days. The following table shows the number of days contained in a //hamuštum// according to the different authors. In loan contracts in Kaneš, dates are often expressed in //hamuštum.// These //hamuštum//, which correspond to a fix number of days, take the name of two, then one merchant (after REL 98, Kryszat 2004, p. 157-198). The value of this unit of time is still debated. This word could be derived from the Semitic root “five” HMŠ, and most authors agree on the observation of the frequent ascending sequence:  //hamuštum -- warhum -- limum// in the loan contracts dates, which proved that the //hamuštum// consists of less than 30 days. The following table shows the number of days contained in a //hamuštum// according to the different authors.
Line 73: Line 73:
   * Lewy, H. & J., 1943: The Origin of the Week and the Oldest West Asiatic Calendar, //HUCA// 17, p. 1-146.\\   * Lewy, H. & J., 1943: The Origin of the Week and the Oldest West Asiatic Calendar, //HUCA// 17, p. 1-146.\\
   * Lewy, J., 1939: The Assyrian Calendar, //ArOr// 11, p. 35-46.\\   * Lewy, J., 1939: The Assyrian Calendar, //ArOr// 11, p. 35-46.\\
-  * Michel, C., 2010: The day unit within the Old Assyrian calendar, in Ş. Dönmez (ed.), //Studies Presented in Honour of Veysel Donbaz//, Istanbul, p. 217-224.\\+  * Michel, C., 2010: [[https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00642826/document|The day unit within the Old Assyrian calendar]], in Ş. Dönmez (ed.), //Studies Presented in Honour of Veysel Donbaz//, Istanbul, p. 217-224.\\
   * Tur-Sinai, N. H., 1951: Sabbat und Woche, //BiOr// 8, p. 14-24.\\   * Tur-Sinai, N. H., 1951: Sabbat und Woche, //BiOr// 8, p. 14-24.\\
   * Veenhof, K. R., 1997: The Old Assyrian //Hamuštum// Period: A Seven-Day Week, //JEOL// 34, p. 5-26.\\   * Veenhof, K. R., 1997: The Old Assyrian //Hamuštum// Period: A Seven-Day Week, //JEOL// 34, p. 5-26.\\
Line 79: Line 79:
   * Veenhof, K. R., 2008:The Old Assyrian Period, in M. Wäfler (ed.), K. R. Veenhof and J. Eidem, //Mesopotamia. The Old Assyrian Period//. OBO 160/5, p. 13-264.\\   * Veenhof, K. R., 2008:The Old Assyrian Period, in M. Wäfler (ed.), K. R. Veenhof and J. Eidem, //Mesopotamia. The Old Assyrian Period//. OBO 160/5, p. 13-264.\\
  
-==== Day and Night ====+=== Day and Night ===
  
-The smallest unit of time used in the Old Assyrian corpus is //ūmum// = “day or night”. Indeed, the word //bērum//, which usually corresponds to a time unit, a “double-hour”, is always used in the Old Assyrian corpus as the length unit equal to the distance a walker may cover within this “double-hour”, a little more than 10 km ((cf.[[Numbers & Metrology 2nd millennium]])).+The smallest unit of time used in the Old Assyrian corpus is //ūmum// = “day or night”. Indeed, the word //bērum//, which usually corresponds to a time unit, a “double-hour”, is always used in the Old Assyrian corpus as the length unit equal to the distance a walker may cover within this “double-hour”, a little more than 10 km (cf.[[http://cdli.ox.ac.uk/wiki/doku.php?id=old_assyrian_private_trade#units_of_length|Old Assyrian private trade]]).
  
 The Mesopotamian “day” consists of daytime and nighttime (nychtemeron). Days, //ūmum//, are counted in letters from one to twenty or more. The word night, //mūšum// or //mušītum//, appears often in the Old Assyrian documentation; nighttime is also expressed by the term //nabattum// ([[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P360993|KTH 3, 10-16]]). The Mesopotamian “day” consists of daytime and nighttime (nychtemeron). Days, //ūmum//, are counted in letters from one to twenty or more. The word night, //mūšum// or //mušītum//, appears often in the Old Assyrian documentation; nighttime is also expressed by the term //nabattum// ([[http://cdli.ucla.edu/P360993|KTH 3, 10-16]]).
Line 87: Line 87:
 **Bibliography** **Bibliography**
  
-  * Michel, C., 2010: The day unit within the Old Assyrian calendar, in Ş. Dönmez (ed.), //Studies Presented in Honour of Veysel Donbaz//, Istanbul, p. 217-224.\\+  * Michel, C., 2010: [[https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00642826/document|The day unit within the Old Assyrian calendar]], in Ş. Dönmez (ed.), //Studies Presented in Honour of Veysel Donbaz//, Istanbul, p. 217-224.\\
  
  
Line 149: Line 149:
   * Dercksen, J. G., 2008: Observations on Land Use and Agriculture in Kaneš, in C. Michel (ed.), //Old Assyrian Studies in Memory of Paul Garelli//, OAAS 4, PIHANS 112, Leiden, p. 139-157.\\   * Dercksen, J. G., 2008: Observations on Land Use and Agriculture in Kaneš, in C. Michel (ed.), //Old Assyrian Studies in Memory of Paul Garelli//, OAAS 4, PIHANS 112, Leiden, p. 139-157.\\
   * Kryszat, G., 2006: Herrscher, Herrschaft und Kulttradition in Anatolien nach den Quellen aus den altassyrischen Handelskolonien -- teil 2: Götter, Priester und Feste Altanatoliens, //AoF//33, p. 102-124.\\   * Kryszat, G., 2006: Herrscher, Herrschaft und Kulttradition in Anatolien nach den Quellen aus den altassyrischen Handelskolonien -- teil 2: Götter, Priester und Feste Altanatoliens, //AoF//33, p. 102-124.\\
-  * Michel, C., 2010: The day unit within the Old Assyrian calendar, in Ş. Dönmez (ed.), //Studies Presented in Honour of Veysel Donbaz//, Istanbul, p. 217-224.\\+  * Michel, C., 2010: [[https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00642826/document|The day unit within the Old Assyrian calendar]], in Ş. Dönmez (ed.), //Studies Presented in Honour of Veysel Donbaz//, Istanbul, p. 217-224.\\
   * Michel, C., In press: Prêts paléo-assyriens, //Droits Orientaux Cunéiformes// [[http://d-o-c.fr|http://d-o-c.fr]]   * Michel, C., In press: Prêts paléo-assyriens, //Droits Orientaux Cunéiformes// [[http://d-o-c.fr|http://d-o-c.fr]]
   * Veenhof, K. R., 2008: The Old Assyrian Period, in K. R. Veenhof & J. Eidem, //Mesopotamia. The Old Assyrian Period//, OBO 160/5, Fribourg/Göttingen, p. 1-266, esp. p. 238-245.   * Veenhof, K. R., 2008: The Old Assyrian Period, in K. R. Veenhof & J. Eidem, //Mesopotamia. The Old Assyrian Period//, OBO 160/5, Fribourg/Göttingen, p. 1-266, esp. p. 238-245.
the_old_assyrian_calendar.1444909734.txt.gz · Last modified: 2015/10/15 12:48 by lafont
Show pageOld revisions
Media ManagerBack to top
CC Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International
Driven by DokuWiki Recent changes RSS feed Valid CSS Valid XHTML 1.0